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What soon becomes apparent, however, upon opening the book and flipping
through its pages is that this counteridentity is not proposed as something
that critically questions the limiting boundaries or the motivations of
this original cultural set, but instead attempts to establish itself as
a subset placed neatly within it. It becomes the representation of
a marginalized group that has fought the battle against exclusion from
this set, and by whatever efforts and against whatever odds, has finally
gained inclusion. The book discloses its contents as a struggle against
difference, translated only as the condition of inequality—a struggle that
finds its success and its resolution in a particular brand of sameness,
an overtly sympathetic assimilation. This struggle and its resulting
assimilation is metaphorically effectuated as soon as one opens the book
and moves to the inside page. Here the cover is reprinted, relinquishing
its black opacity in two ways: first, by its sheer duplication, which represses
the cover's material density by surfacing its signifying value and its
representational effects; and second, by the shift from monochrome to tonal
opposition, which reconfigures the original confrontation of opacity and
transparency, materiality and code, highlighting the visibility and assumed
value of the latter of each set while diminishing the intensity and complexity
of their confrontation. The factuality and determination of the bold,
black, stable text against a stark white ground reveals how black opacity
(as it is both lived and embodied) has been given over to its transparent
yet thickened signification.
This first inside page is all clarity and boldness, the high contrast
between black and white tones and the selected typographical form generating
an aura of aestheticized factuality. Just inside this page is another
double page that, although achieving a similar result, constructs itself
rather differently. A collage of news paper
clippings and letters that refer to specific incidents in the 1950s and
1960s documenting the black fight against segregation within the architectural
educational system across America is intended to testify to, and to ground,
this particular reality, while also providing a varied aesthetic field
to visually complement the all-black cover. The newspaper clippings
evidence a historical factuality that forms a foundation for the more current
personalized stories that follow. The composition of the collage
strategically highlights particular headlines, incidents, dates, and detailed
passages, while laboring to disguise its artifice. This process,
which is as common to photojournalism as it is to advertising, desires
to aesthetically seduce, yet conceals this seduction by appealing to the
transparency of a reality factor needed for its legitimation.
In this particular circumstance, such reality is underlined by promoting
the appearance of randomness over textual composition. The various-sized
clippings and letters used to constitute this collage are aesthetically
organized to construct an imperceptible depth by their overlap, and an
indefinite territory by the way they bleed off the edges of the page.
This archive is thus experienced as infinitely deep and infinitely vast.
We as spectators believe that we are grasping only a portion of its content,
a particular layer in space and a particular section of this layer; only
a fragment of the memory of this struggle is being represented to us.
At perhaps a deeper level, this collage also serves to signify a value
system that supports and reaffirms the officiality of the law.
Reality is presented to us by investing in those institutions (the newspaper
and the official letter) that claim to embody the substance of fact and
official authority. The struggle itself is thus represented as entirely
contained within this code of respectability, as if the law itself were
a neutral body to which one could appeal for civil rights. To believe
in the value of the outcome therefore necessitates subscribing at least
partially to the validity of this ideological terrain, as if the devices
employed to rationalize its structure of oppression were not somehow intrinsically
connected to its image of reality and respectability. Further emphasis
is given to the official tone of this documentation by exhibiting the only
piece of writing that stands in contrast to it: a piece of hate mail sent
to John Chase after he was finally admitted as the first black graduate
student to the University of Texas school of architecture. This note,
which is entirely racist, abusive, and illiterate, serves to complete the
inversion of the black-white stereotypical opposition, providing convincing
evidence of the inferiority of white bigotry while demonstrating by contrast
the superiority of black achievement within the official code of this struggle.
In this equation, however, the value system embedded in the form of the
law and the nature of authority itself remains entirely unchallenged, the
collage itself serving to promote the (WASP and male) ideological status
quo, while sustaining an image of black assimilation.  |