1. Peter Testa, The Architecture of Alvaro Siza (Oporto, Portugal: Faculdade de Arquitectura da Universidade do Porto, 1968), p. 39.

2. Paulo Varela Gomes, "Quatre Batailles en Faveur d'une Architecture Portuguaise," Europalia 91: Portugal Points de Repere: Architecture du Portugal (Brussels: Fondation pour l'Architecture, 1991), pp. 41–42 [my translation].

3. Wilfred Wang, ed., Alvaro Siza: Figures and Configurations, Buildings and Projects, 1986–1988 (Cambridge, MA, 1988), n.p. Poem cited from Fernando Pessoa: Selected Poems (Chicago: Swallow Press, 1971), translated by Edwin Honig.

4. Harold Rosenberg, "The Concept of Action Painting," Artwork and Packages (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1969), p. 213.

5. The historical thread of my argument here draws largely upon the article by Paulo Varela Gomes, "Quatre Batailles en Faveur d'une Architecture Portuguaise," pp. 30–62.

6. Arquitectura Popular em Portugal (Lisbon: Sindicato Nascional dos Arquitectos, 1961). Quotes are from the unnumbered pages of the book's introduction. The translations are my own.

7. Gomes, "Quatre Batailles en Faveur d'une Architecture Portuguaise," p. 42.

8. See Rosenberg's discussion in Harold Rosenberg, "The American Action Painters," The Tradition of the New (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965), p. 27.

9. From Robin Middleton's introduction to Nicolas LeCamus de Mezieres, The Genius of Architecture or the Analogy of that Art with Our Sensations (Santa Monica, CA: Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities, 1992), pp. 48–49.

10. Alvaro Siza Esquissos de Viagem / Travel Sketches (Oporto, Portugal: Documentos de Arquitectura, 1988), series edited by Eduardo Souto Moura et al.

11. Erwin Panofsky, Perspective and Symbolic Form (New York: Zone Books, 1991), translated by Christopher S. Wood. See figures 18 and 19, pp. 174–175.

Figures 1, 2: Peloura da Cultura da Camara Municipal de Lisboa, Atlas de Lisboa: A Cidade no Espaco e no Tempo (Lisbon: Contexto Editora, Lda., 1993), pp. 115, 117.

Figures 3, 4, 28: Photographs taken by the author.

Figure 5: Antao de Almeida Garrett, Engenheiro Civil, Plano Regulador da Cidade do Porto (Porto, Portugal: Publicacaoes da Camara do Porto, 1952), cover.

Figures 6, 7, 8: W. Boesiger, Le Corbusier, 1910–65 (Zurich: Les Editions d'Architecture, 1965), pp. 56, 60, 29.

Figures 9, 10, 11, 12, 13: Kenneth Frampton et al., Alvaro Siza Esquissos de Viagem/Travel Sketches (Oporto, Portugal: Documentos de Arquitectura, 1988), pp. 26, 39, 45, 52, 53.

Figures 14, 15: Erwin Panofsky, Perspective as Symbolic Form (New York: Zone Books, 1991), pp. 174, 175.

Figures 16, 17, 22, 23, 24, 25, 30: Kenneth Frampton et al., Alvaro Siza: The Poetic Profession (New York: Electa/Rizzoli, 1986), pp. 34-35, 35, 28, 30, 48, 48, 110.

Figures 18, 35, 37, 40, 41, 42, 43: Jose Paulo dos Santos, ed., Alvaro Siza: Works and Projects, 1954–1992 (Barcelona: Editorial Gustavo Gili, S.A., 1993), pp. 93, 158, 173, 218, 219, 218, 219.

Figures 19, 20, 26, 27, 29: "Alvaro Siza, 1954–1988," A + U (June, extra edition) Tokyo, 1989, pp. 24, 28-29, 120, 121, 114.

Figure 21: Philip Johnson, Mies van der Rohe (New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1978), p. 32.

Figures 32, 33, 34: Carlos Castanheira and Pedro de Llano, Alvaro Siza Obras y Proyectos (Madrid: Sociedad Editonal Electa Espaha, S.A., 1995), pp. 105, 104, 105.

Figures 36, 38, 39: Alvaro Siza, 1988–1993, A&V Monografias de Arquitectura y Vivienda 40 (Madrid: Arquitectura Viva SL, 1993), pp. 55, 55, 61.

Figure 31: A + U Architecture and Urbanism 80 (December 1980, special feature on Alvaro Siza), p. 73.

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